VARIETIES OF THE GENRE PORTRAIT
Portrait (derived from FR. words portrait) – this artistic image of the human with transfer his domestic world.
In the portrait, a person can be depicted chest-high, waist-high, hip-high, knee-high, full-length.
The portrait can be a different turn of the head: full-face, a quarter turn to the right or left, half-turn, three-quarters, in profile.
Portrait format can be different: vertical rectangular, horizontal rectangular, square, oval or round.
The portrait is divided by size: portrait miniature, easel portrait (painting, drawing, sculpture), monumental portrait (monument, fresco, mosaic).
The portrait is divided according to the method of execution: oil, pencil, pastel, watercolor, dry brush, engraved, miniature, photographic, etc.
The portrait can be painted in different styles: academism, realism, impressionism, expressionism, art Nouveau, abstractionism, surrealism, cubism, pop art, etc. Continue reading
VARIETIES OF THE GENRE CITYSCAPE
Cityscape is a genre of fine art in which the main subject of the image are city streets and buildings.
In European art, the cityscape, as a separate genre of painting, appeared in the XVI century, thanks to the proto-vedutes of Paul Bril from Antwerp.
In the XVII century in Holland, the cityscape became widespread and became one of the favorite themes of Dutch artists.
In Italy in the XVIII century became very popular Veduta-a kind of cityscape. The most famous master of this genre was the artist Giovanni Antonio Canaletto. Along with Veduta, in the XVII-XVIII centuries, another kind of urban landscape was popular – Capriccio, which depicted architectural fantasies, mainly the ruins of fictional ancient buildings.
The heyday and new development of the painting genre cityscape marked the development of open-air landscape associated with the invention in the XIX century, the method of production of tube paints. Continue reading
INTERIOR STYLES AND PAINTINGS
Avant-garde-style, in which color or form, necessarily contrast with each other.
In the avant-garde can be combined completely incompatible objects and materials.
In choosing paintings for the avant-garde style of the plot is not so important, the main thing is to choose the right color and texture.
Empire-the style of Napoleon I, which emphasizes luxury, splendor and power. External effect in Empire valued more, than convenience.
The plot of the paintings for the Empire style is diverse – it can be portraits, still lifes, hunting scenes, scenes of military campaigns, mythological subjects, landscapes, seascapes, etc. – the main thing is that they emphasize the luxury of the interior. Continue reading
VARIETIES OF GENRE STILL LIFE
Still life (with FR. nature morte-dead, inanimate nature) – artistic depiction of various household items.
In the XV-XVI centuries still life was considered as part of a historical or genre composition. Early still lifes often performed a utilitarian function, for example, as a decoration of Cabinet doors or to mask a wall niche.
As an independent genre of painting still life was formed in the XVII century in the works of Dutch and Flemish artists.
The term nature morte (dead nature) appeared in the XVIII century and reflected a dismissive attitude to the still life by the academic community, which preferred the “high” genres, the area of which was “living nature” (historical, battle, allegorical, religious, mythological). Until the end of the XIX century still life was considered as a “lower” genre.
The heyday of still life painting is associated with the invention in the XIX century of the method of production of tube paints and the appearance of plein-air painting. Continue reading
VARIETIES OF LANDSCAPE GENRE
Landscape (from FR. paysage – country area) – a genre of fine art where the main subject is nature.
As an independent genre landscape appeared in the VI century in Chinese art. Traditions of Chinese landscape painting have had a great influence on Japanese art.
In Europe, landscape as a separate genre appeared much later than in China and Japan. In the middle Ages, when only religious compositions had the right to exist, the landscape was treated by painters as a depiction of the habitat of the characters.
Gradually, the landscape went beyond other artistic genres. This was facilitated by the development of easel painting. In the creation of landscape genre played an important role masters of the Venetian school in the early XVI century. Continue reading
